Critical Analysis

Critical analysis means moving beyond summary. It is the skill of evaluating ideas, questioning assumptions, and demonstrating your ability to think with academic independence.

1. Identify

  • Key arguments
  • Claims & assumptions
  • Evidence used
  • Theoretical framework

2. Evaluate

Judge the strength of the argument and the quality of its evidence.

Validity

Is the reasoning logical?

Credibility

Are sources reliable?

Limitations

Where does the argument weaken?

Comparison

Situate arguments within wider academic debate.

3. Synthesise

  • Combine perspectives
  • Reveal patterns
  • Connect ideas logically
  • Show your judgement

What Critical Analysis Really Means

Critical analysis is not negativity. It is the ability to break ideas apart, question their construction, and rebuild understanding through insight.

Strong academic writing shows your independence: not repeating what authors say, but showing how and why their claims hold power — or where they fall short.

Core Skills Involved

  • Interpreting arguments accurately
  • Identifying assumptions (stated or hidden)
  • Evaluating the strength of evidence
  • Recognising bias, gaps, and limitations
  • Comparing competing views
  • Integrating sources into a coherent viewpoint

How to Critically Analyse

1. Question the Author’s Purpose

Ask: Why is the author making this argument? Consider their academic background, discipline, and theoretical commitments.

2. Examine How the Argument Is Built

Good analysis dissects the structure:

  • What evidence is chosen?
  • What is left out?
  • Does the logic follow or rely on leaps?
  • Is the theoretical lens appropriate?

3. Compare with Other Scholars

Academic writing exists in conversation. Critical work shows you can relate one viewpoint to another.

4. Interpret the Significance

Critical writers always answer: So what? — Why does this matter? What does this reveal about the issue at a deeper level?

Critical Analysis Sentence Templates

Evaluating Claims

“While X argues that…, this interpretation relies on the assumption that…”

Identifying Limitations

“A limitation of this argument is its reliance on…, which weakens the conclusion because…”

Comparing Perspectives

“In contrast, Y emphasises…, suggesting that the issue is more complex than X implies.”

Synthesis

“Together, these perspectives reveal that…, indicating the need for a more nuanced approach.”