Argument Mapping

Argument mapping is the process of visually organising claims, evidence, assumptions, and counterarguments to reveal the strength, structure, and coherence of your academic reasoning.

1. Central Claim

The main argument or position you are defending.

  • Clear
  • Focused
  • Debatable
  • Evidence-based

2. Supporting Reasons

Why your claim is valid.

Reason 1

Evidence-driven justification.

Reason 2

Relevant and directly linked.

Assumptions

Unstated beliefs that hold your argument together.

3. Counterarguments

Strong academic writing anticipates and addresses opposing views.

  • Alternative interpretations
  • Contradictory evidence
  • Critical perspectives
  • Weaknesses in your reasoning

Why Argument Mapping Matters

Mapping your argument helps you visualise the logic behind your ideas. It exposes gaps in reasoning, reveals unstated assumptions, and ensures that every claim is supported with appropriate scholarly evidence.

  • Strengthens the clarity and structure of your writing.
  • Ensures each paragraph contributes meaningfully to your thesis.
  • Reduces the risk of circular reasoning or unsupported claims.
  • Prepares you for critical analysis by revealing argument weaknesses.

Common Types of Argument Maps

1. Simple Claim Map

A linear map showing a single claim supported by key reasons and evidence.

2. Comparative Map

Evaluates two or more viewpoints side-by-side to determine which is stronger.

3. Complex Debate Map

Useful for dissertations or large essays, showing multiple claims, sub-claims, counterarguments, and different tiers of evidence.

Argument Mapping Templates

Introducing a Claim

“This argument proposes that…, based on the assumption that…”

Linking Evidence

“The evidence presented by X strengthens this claim because…”

Presenting a Counterargument

“However, a significant challenge to this viewpoint is…”

Resolving Debate

“While both perspectives offer valuable insights, the weight of evidence suggests…”